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Returns a heteroskedasticity-robust (optionally dyad-clustered) sandwich covariance matrix for the intercept and dyadic-covariate coefficients of an ame_als fit. This is a fast analytic alternative to the bootstrap for those coefficients.

Usage

# S3 method for class 'ame_als'
vcov(object, cluster = c("dyad", "none"), ...)

Arguments

object

an ame_als fit.

cluster

"dyad" (default) for a dyad-clustered robust meat, or "none" for an HC0 (heteroskedasticity-only) meat. Ignored when the fit carries a bootstrap, since the bootstrap covariance is returned.

...

ignored.

Value

A covariance matrix with matching row/column names. When the fit carries a $bootstrap, this is the bootstrap covariance over all estimated coefficients, matching coef(). Otherwise it is the conditional sandwich, covering c(intercept, dyadic coefficients) only.

Details

The estimate is the conditional sandwich \(B^{-} M B^{-}\) with bread \(B = D'WD\) (\(D\) the observed intercept + dyadic-covariate design, \(W\) the fit's observation weights) and meat \(M\) the heteroskedasticity-robust (cluster = "none", an HC0 meat) or dyad-clustered (cluster = "dyad", the default) outer product of the weighted score contributions \(w_\ell e_\ell d_\ell\). For a normal or transform fit the weights are unit, so this reduces to the ordinary \(D'D\) sandwich; for an IRLS fit it uses the final IRLS weights, matching the estimating equation the fit actually solved. Dyad clustering pools the score across \((i,j)\), \((j,i)\) and time, so it reflects dyadic dependence (reciprocity, repeated observation).

It is conditional: the additive effects a, b and the multiplicative term are held fixed, so it omits their estimation uncertainty and is anti-conservative. Node-covariate, additive and multiplicative standard errors are not returned – use ame_als_bootstrap for those and for fully-propagated inference.

See also

ame_als_bootstrap for bootstrap uncertainty covering all parameters.